A Study on Performance and Power Efficiency of Dense Non-Volatile Caches in Multi-Core Systems

In this paper, we present a novel cache design based on Multi-Level Cell Spin-Transfer Torque RAM (MLC STTRAM) that can dynamically adapt the set capacity and associativity to use efficiently the full potential of MLC STTRAM. We exploit the asymmetric nature of the MLC storage scheme to build cache lines featuring heterogeneous performances, that is, half of the cache lines are read-friendly, while the other is write-friendly. Furthermore, we propose to opportunistically deactivate ways in underutilized sets to convert MLC to Single-Level Cell (SLC) mode, which features overall better performance and lifetime. Our ultimate goal is to build a cache architecture that combines the capacity advantages of MLC and performance/energy advantages of SLC. Our experiments show an improvement of 43% in total numbers of conflict misses, 27% in memory access latency, 12% in system performance, and 26% in LLC access energy, with a slight degradation in cache lifetime (about 7%) compared to an SLC cache

Iran-U.S. military-security relations in the 1970s

The subject of this dissertation is "Iran-U.S. Military-Security Relations in the 1970s". The dissertation consists of seven chapters and a conclusion. In the first chapter an attempt is made to layout the main factors which contribute to arms transfers in the international system, from the perspectives of both the donor and recipient states. Moreover, the impact of arms sales on third world societies are described in this same chapter. The second chapter deals with the historical evolution of Iran-U.S. military security ties, inception during the Second World War up to 1969. genesis and since their Discussion in the third chapter focuses on the main factors which determined the shape and pace of Iran-U.S. military-security ties in the 1970s, including that in the area of arms supply relationship. The exposition of capability in the chapter. the 1970s increase in is the main Iran's purpose order-of-combat of the fourth The main purpose of chapter five is the delineation of various debates within and between the various branches of U.S. government for or against Iran's arms purchases. Chapter six discusses Iran's regional security policy in the 1970s. The final chapter deals with the various contacts between members of the U.S. government and Iran's new revolutionary regime, from revolution's success in February 1979 up to the seizure of American embassy in November 1979, with the emphasis being on military-security dealings between the two countries. In the conclusion an attempt is made to draw from the past some broad lessons for Iran's security and, bearing in mind the material in chapter one, to highlight a few insights into arms transfer as a phenomena in the international system

The chaos detector and commissioning result

The Canadian High Acceptance Orbit Spectrometer (CHAOS), which is a 360 degree magnetic spectrometer designed for use in various πN experiments, is introduced. The physics program, constituent elements of the detector, analysis techniques, and commis sioning results are discussed. In particular, π+p elastic scattering data acquired at an incident pion energy of 280 MeV with a singles trigger on a liquid hydrogen target are presented.Science, Faculty ofPhysics and Astronomy, Department ofGraduat

Exclusive measurements of [pi]N --> [pi][pi]N

The pion induced pion production reactions —> 7 r ±7r+ n were studied at projectile incident energies of 223, 243, 264, 284, and 305 MeV. The Canadian High Acceptance Orbit Spectrometer (CHAOS) was used to detected the charged particles, which originated from the interaction of the incident pion beam with a cryogenic liquid hydrogen target. The experimental results are presented in the form of single, double and triple differential cross sections. Total cross sections obtained by integrating the differential quantities are also reported. The experimental data, namely the ir~p —> 7r~7r+n double differential cross sections, were used as input to the Chew-Low extrapolation procedure which was utilized to determine on-shell 7r+7r_ elastic scattering cross sections in the near threshold region. The Chew-Low results (the extrapolated irir cross sections) were then used in a dispersion analysis (Roy equations) to obtain the -KIT isospin zero S-wave scattering length. We find a° = 0.209 ± 0.011/x-1. In addition, the invariant mass distributions from the 7r~) channel were fitted to determine the model parameters for the extended model of Oset and Vicente-Vacas. We find that the model parameters obtained from fitting the (7r+7r_ ) data do not describe the invariant mass distributions in the (7r+7r+) channel.Science, Faculty ofPhysics and Astronomy, Department ofGraduat

Consideration of chemical engineering B.Sc students weakness in energy & mass balance unit

Mass and Energy Balance (MEB) is one of basic courses in chemical engineering (CE) learning and it is needed to be passed before starting the special courses and topics in this field. Due to the vast variety of jobs offered by chemical industries in our country, training of expert and well educated engineering students in the universities are essential. In the present article, a literature review on the current situation of CE and its teaching in Iranian universities are presented and the teaching approach of MEB course is discussed. The descriptive research method is applied to investigate the observable weakness sources in teaching MEB to CE students. The statistical samples include 32 CE students and specially designed questionnaires are distributed among them. Four weakness sources including (i) weakness in basic sciences (chemistry, physics and mathematics), (ii) courses offered by low experienced and freshman teachers, (iii) students lack of self confidence and stress of failing on getting high number of courses in one semester, as well as, (iv) lack of supplementary MEB teaching references are considered in the questionnaire. The statistical analysis of the collected data proves the existence of weakness on MEB teaching among CE students where the main causes are (ii) and (iii) sources. The psychological advising also decreases the number of MEB credits from 4 to 3 or adding one credit of laboratory course to the theoretical material, also, teaching MEB by more experienced teachers are suggested

Techno-economic evolution of an existing operational NGL plant with adding LNG production part

Natural gas is the fastest-growing fossil fuel and LNG is playing a growing role in the world’s gas supply. The liquefaction process is also by far the most energy-consuming part of the LNG chain. It is thus a priority today for the gas industry to decrease the cost and improve the efficiency of the liquefaction process of a plant. In this way, a novel techno-economic evolution of an existing NGL plant with adding an appropriate LNG production part is presented. Concerning the availability of propane, use of existing equipments and conditions of no structural changes in the existing installation, C3MR is used as the refrigeration system. For full recognition of the process, a high-accuracy surrogate model based on D-optimal approach is developed. MR composition (nitrogen, methane, ethane, and propane), inlet gas pressure of the LNG production part, demethanizer pressure, and high and low pressure of MR as the eight manipulated variables of the surrogate model predict the earned profit of the integrated plant. To increase profit, a hybrid GA-SQP optimization method is used. The results show that the earned profit of the optimized proposed plant with the LNG production capacity of 3.33 MTPA is 60.2% more than the existing NGL plant. In addition to increased earned profit, the thermodynamic efficiency is improved in the liquefaction section, too. Furthermore, the SPC value of 0.347 kWh kg−1 LNG shows that the optimized plant has acceptable liquefaction efficiency. According to the optimization results, mixture variables are more effective than process variables on the earned profit. It is noticeable that increasing the ethane recovery not always increases profit in such integrated units